Pharmacognosy Class History Syllubus

PHARMACOGNOSY

Professor of Pharmacognosy FREDERICK K. BUTTERS, M.S., instructor in Pharmacognosy .......................................... amd Assistant
1. CRUDE VEGETABLE DRUGS MR. BUTTERS 
Seven credits (fifty-tour hours lecture, one huftdred forty-four hours laboratory) Second, third, and fourth quarters, second year Prerequisites, Botany 1, 2, and 3.
The vegetable drugs of the United States Pharmacopoeia are taken up In the following order: Roots, rhizomes, tubers and bulbs, woods, barks, leaves, herbs and flowers, fruits, seeds, plant exudations, resins, gum-resins, waxes and starches. Each drug is carefully examined, both macroscopically and microscopically. Students are also provided with specimens for home study. The lectures give, in compact form, the history and important features of each drug ,with consideration of its importance to the pharmacist. The quizzes include careful drill on the constituents, action and dose and official preparation of each drug con¬sidered. Identification receives careful attenton and there are weekly tests of the student's ability. A short course is given in the micro¬scopic examination of some of the more important alkaloids and gluco-sides, and of certain emulsions and inorganic salts, it time permits.
The drugs are considered in the following order :
Roots—Sarsaparilla (Mexican, Para and Honduras), senega, gentian, taraxa¬cum, pyrethrum, inula, lappa, apocynum, stillingia, sumbul, asclepias, phytolacca, althsea, belladonna, bryonia, calumba, rheum, glycyrrhiza, (Spanish and Russian), ipecacuanha, pareira, krameria, rumex.
Rhisomes—Aspidium, zinglber (Jamaican, East Indian and African), cala¬mus, veratum viride, iris, cypripedium, convallaria, triticum, sanguin-aria, geranium, podophyllum, valeriana, arnica, serpentaria, spigelia,
hydrastis, caulophyllum, cimicifuga, leptandra, gelseinlum, menisper-
mum.
Tubers and Bulbs—Jalapa, acomtum, colchicum, scilla, allium." Tvriga and Woods—Quassia, haematoxylon, santalum rubrum, gualacum, dulcamara.
Barks—Cinchona- ("Rubra et Plava), prunus virginiana, vilburnum pruni-folium, viburnum opulus, rubus, ouercus alba, granatum, aspidosperma, frangula, rhamnus purshiana, juglans, xanthoxylum, mezereum. gossy-pii radix, euonymus, quillaja, ulnius, sassafras, cascarUIa, cinnamo-mum (Ceylon, Saigon and cassia). • • :
Leaves and Leaflets-—Pilocarpus, eucalyptus, uva ursi, senna (Alexandria and
India), coca (Bolivian and Truxilla), belladonna, stramonium, hyoscya-' mus, tabacum, digitalis, matico, sal via, hamamelis, castanea, eriodic-tyon, chimaphila, buchu (long and short), rhus toxicodendron.
Herbs and Flowers—Santonica, caryophyllus, sambucus, calendula, cusso, ar¬nica .matricaria, anthemis, rosa gallica, rosa centifolia, crocus, zea, chondrus, cetraria, cannabis indica, pulsatilla, scoparius, eupatorlum, grindelia, tanacetum, artemisia, absinthium, lobelia, mentha. piperita, . mentha viridis, melissa. hedeoma, marrubium, scutellaria, chlrata, sa-bina, chelidonium.
Fruits—Humulus, piper (longum, nigrum et album), cubeba, pimenta, rhus glabra, capsicum, colocynthis, cassia fistula, chenopodium, illicium, car-damonium, vanilla, coriandrum, conium, anisum, carum, fosniculum (Roman and German), rnacis, aurantii amari cortex, aurantii dulcis cortex, llmonis cortex, prunum, tamarindus (East and West Indian). phytolacca, ncus, rubus.
Seeds—Physostigma, amygdala (dulcis et amara), pepo, myristica, sinapis (al¬ba et nigra), nux vomica, staphisagria, ricinus, tiglium, stramonium.
Miscellaneous—Guarana, lactucarium, alee (Socotrina, Barbadensis, et Capen-sis), catechu, kino (Malabar et Pallas), opium, elastica, manna, sac-charum, saccharum lactis, mel, acacia, tragacantha, mastiche, guaia-cun^, benzoinum, cambogia, asafoetida, ammoniacum, scammonium, myrrha, copaiba, tereblnthina, terebinthina canadensis, reslna, pix (Burgundica et llquida), styrax, balsamum peruvianum, balsamum tolutanum, camphora, thymol, menthol, ergota (Spanish and German), sassafras medulla, galla (Aleppo et Chinensis), gossypium purlflcatum, kamala, lupulinum, lycopodium, amylum, cetaceum, cera, cantharls, coccus, ichthyocolla, moschus, carbo animalis.
Besides the foregoing, a number of the more important unofficial drugs will also be discussed. 
2. POWDERED DRUGS 1• MR. BUTTERS AND ASSISTANT
One credit" (nine hours lecture, twenty-seven hours laboratory)
Fourth quarter, second year
Prerequisite, pharmacognosy 1
This course consists oC laboratory work and occasional, lectures. The more important vegetable drugs are examined microscop¬ically, in powdered form. Rspecial attention is paid to the identification of unknown powders, and to the detection of the various forms of .sophistication to which powdered drugs are subject.